Methylation of cell-free DNA in the diagnosis of cancer
A range of molecular alterations found in tumor cells, such as DNA mutations and DNA methylation, is reflected in cell-free circulating DNA (circDNA) released from the tumor into the blood, thereby making circDNA an ideal candidate for the basis of a blood-based cancer diagnosis test. In many cancer types, mutations driving tumor development and progression are present in a wide range of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. However, even when a gene is consistently mutated in a particular cancer, the mutations can be spread over very large regions of its sequence, making evaluation difficult. This diversity of sequence changes... Read More
Antiretroviral combination therapy (cART) has increased the service life of People live on HIV (PLWH). As long-term survival rises, PLWH may have metabolic and cardiovascular disorders such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and dyslipidaemia more often than others. Moreover, although persons receiving cART have fewer AIDS-related diseases than cART-na€ıve PLWH overall, exposure to cART, particularly protease inhibitors (PIs), may increase the risk of cardiometabolic disease. One research found no substantial difference in the incidence of diabetes between WLWH and HIV-negative women among women living with HIV (WLWH), while another recorded a lower prevalence of hypertension but an elevated... 
Talaromyces marneffei (T. marneffei, also known as Penicillium marneffei) is a regional opportunistic fungus that mainly causes life-threatening disseminated infection of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) that causes epidemics in Southeast Asia and South China. The thermally dimorphic fungi invade mainly the skin, lungs, liver, spleen, lymph nodes and the circulatory system. Central nervous system (CNS) infection is extremly rare. At present, there are only 22 AIDS-associated cases T. CNS infection of marneffei and two sporadic cases of non-AIDS patients with T. Infection with CNS marneffei has been documented worldwide. These two patients who had not had AIDS suffered from... 
The number of orphans living with AIDS has grown. By the end of the last century, 13.2 million children were estimated to have lost either a mother or both parents to AIDS, with the statistics potentially increasing. 95 percent of those children live in sub-Saharan Africa. It had also been estimated that there would be 1 million AIDS orphans in South Africa by 2005 and 2.5 million by 2010. The impact of the HIV / AIDS virus has been crucially affected by the household economy. The situation deteriorates still further when the AIDS sufferer dies. Migration and urbanization have also... 
A range of molecular alterations found in tumour cells, such as DNA mutations and DNA methylation, is reflected in cell-free circulating DNA (circDNA) released from the tumour into the blood, thereby making circDNA an ideal candidate for the basis of a blood-based cancer diagnosis test. In many cancer types, mutations driving tumor development and progression are present in a wide range of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. However, even when a gene is consistently mutated in a particular cancer, the mutations can be spread over very large regions of its sequence, making evaluation difficult. This diversity of sequence changes in... 
BRCA1 is a breast and ovarian tumour suppressor. Hereditary mutations in BRCA1 result in a predisposition to breast cancer, and BRCA1 expression is down-regulated in ~30% of sporadic cases. The function of BRCA1 remains poorly understood, but it appears to play an important role in DNA repair and the maintenance of genetic stability. Mouse models of BRCA1 deficiency have been developed in an attempt to understand the role of the gene in vivo. However, the subtle nature of BRCA1 function and the well-known discrepancies between human and murine breast cancer biology and genetics may limit the utility of mouse systems in... 
Globally, sexual transmission is the dominant mode of HIV spread, with a concomitant epidemic in infants born to HIV-infected mothers. HIV is also spread through contaminated blood, either through sharing of needles and syringes used for illicit intravenous drugs, transfusion of blood and blood products, or contaminated needles and equipment in medical care settings. The differential distribution of HIV worldwide is partly explained by the fact that not all modes of transmission of HIV carry the same risk. Studies have shown that the risk of HIV transmission from male to female is greater than that of transmission from female to... 
Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses which may cause illness in animals or humans. COVID-19 is the name given to the infectious disease caused by the most recently discovered novel coronavirus, called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This new virus and disease were unknown before the outbreak began in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Not everyone who is infected with SARS-CoV-2 will end up getting sick with the disease, COVID-19, and people can have anything from no symptoms at all to being mildly sick or severely ill. There is actually no reason to suggest that people infected... 
Neurological diseases (NDs) are caused by three primary pathways in individuals diagnosed with HIV, overt HIV transmission, opportunistic processes arising from the lack of cell-mediated immunity, and inflammation or autoimmunity. While they occur during all stages of HIV infection, they occur most frequently in advanced HIV disease where their overall pattern and frequency at clinical presentation reflects mostly the level of immunity of the individual and previous exposure to the environment. Human immunodeficiency virus is the virus which causes the syndrome of acquired immune deficiency. HIV affects the immune system by killing unique white blood cells known as CD4-positive (CD4... 
AIDS is the leading cause of death among young people in Africa (10-24 years old) and the world's second leading cause. Young women become twice as likely as young men to acquire HIV. A youth bulge is threatening to further increase new HIV infections in Africa. In 2018, youth aged 13 to 24 years represented 21 percent of the 37,832 new HIV diagnoses in the United States (US) and dependent areas. Youth with HIV are the least likely to be cared for in any age group and have a viral load suppressed. Addressing HIV in young adults ensures that young... 
The brain is considered an immune privileged site due to the high selectivity of the blood-brain barrier which restricts the passage of molecules and cells into the brain parenchyma. Recent studies have highlighted active immunosurveillance mechanisms in the brain. Here we review emerging evidence for the contribution of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) including natural killer (NK) cells to the immunosurveillance of brain cancers focusing on glioblastoma, one of the most aggressive and most common malignant primary brain tumors diagnosed in adults. Moreover, we discuss how the local tissue microenvironment and unique cellular interactions influence ILC functions in the brain and... 
A HIV test shows if you have HIV infection (human immunodeficiency virus). HIV is a virus that attacks the immune system and destroys cells. These cells protect your body from germs which cause disease, such as bacteria and viruses. If you lack so many red cells, it can give your body problems fighting off pathogens and other diseases. An HIV test is used to determine if you had HIV infection. HIV (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is the virus that causes AIDS. Most HIV-patients do not have AIDS. People with AIDS have an extremely low number of immune cells and are at... 
Purpose: A 2006 National Cancer Institute clinical announcement recommended the use of combined intravenous (IV) and intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy over IV chemotherapy alone for women with International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage 3 optimally debulked ovarian cancer due to significant survival benefit demonstrated in multiple randomized clinical trials. We examined uptake of IP chemotherapy in community practice before and after this recommendation. Methods: We identified 288 women with FIGO stage 2 or greater incident ovarian cancer diagnosed from 2003 to 2008 at three integrated delivery systems in the US. Administrative health plan data were used to determine patient characteristics and... 
HIV infection alters the natural history of several cancers, in large part due to its effect on the immune system. Immune function in people living with HIV may vary from normal to highly dysfunctional and is largely dependent on the timing of initiation (and continuation) of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). An individual's level of immune function in turn affects their cancer risk, management, and outcomes. HIV-associated lymphocytopenia and immune deregulations permit immune evasion of oncogenic viruses and premalignant lesions and are associated with inferior outcomes in people with established cancers. Various types of immunotherapy, including monoclonal antibodies, interferon, cytokines,... 
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) are global burden of health. Adherence to medicine is a crucial factor in reducing morbidity and mortality of people living with HIV (PLWH). It is estimated that 36.7 million people worldwide are diagnosed with HIV and that about one million died worldwide from causes linked to HIV. There is actually no treatment for the HIV infection. Efficient antiretroviral therapy (ART) is therefore considered the best treatment suitable for people living with HIV (PLWH) and those at serious risk. Preventing and managing HIV infection relies primarily on commitment to prescribed care. Weak... 
In many rural areas of developed countries, local natural resources are an important means of livelihood and income production. Local environment health can also in at least two ways shape individual vulnerability to HIV / AIDS. The age profile of people who die from AIDS shapes the effects of the pandemic at home level. In developing countries, AIDS deaths are concentrated in prime working ages — especially the age group of 25 to 45—and the loss of a productive member of the household can be particularly devastating to households already living in poverty. HIV / AIDS often affects the utilization... 
Acute lymphocytic leukemia and Treatment Journal of Health and Medical Research is a peer review open access journal in field of health and medicine. Here we discuss about acute lymphocytic leukemia and Treatment Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is a type of cancer of the blood and bone marrow — the spongy tissue inside bones where blood cells are made. The word "acute" in acute lymphocytic leukemia comes from the fact that the disease progresses rapidly and creates immature blood cells, rather than mature ones. The word "lymphocytic" in acute lymphocytic leukemia refers to the white blood cells called lymphocytes Acute... 
Cardiac arrhythmia- Types and Treatment Journal of Health and Medical Research is a peer review open access journal in field of health and medicine. Here we discuss about Cardiac arrhythmia- Types and Treatment. Heart rhythm problems (heart arrhythmias) occur when the electrical impulses that coordinates your heartbeats don't work properly, causing your heart to beat too fast, too slow or irregularly. Heart arrhythmias (uh-RITH-me-uhs) may feel like a fluttering or racing heart and may be harmless. However, some heart arrhythmias may cause bothersome — sometimes even life-threatening — signs and symptoms. Heart arrhythmia treatment can often control or eliminate fast,... 
EGFR is an oncogene with a high frequency of activating mutations in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). EGFR inhibitors have been FDA‐approved for NSCLC and have shown efficacy in patients with certain EGFR mutations. However, only 9‐26% of these patients achieve objective responses. In this study, we developed an EGFR gene signature based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) RNA‐seq data of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) to direct the preselection of patients for more effective EGFR‐targeted therapy. This signature infers baseline EGFR signaling pathway activity (denoted as EGFR score) in tumor samples, which is associated with tumor sensitivity to EGFR inhibitors and other tyrosine... 
The ability of adult stem cells to produce various tissue specific populations of cells is of significant importance in the fields of medical and dental science. These cells can replace weakened cells, and are thus a good alternative to traditional tissue regeneration medical therapies. This could also cause whole tissues and organs to develop de novo in the future. Both epithelial cell types of the teeth may be created by dental epithelial stem cells; but it was not yet clear if these cells could also create non-dental cell populations. Researchers in The University of Adelaide brought a new hope for... 
In the past few months, the world seems to have come to a virtual standstill. As the SARS-CoV-2 virus continues to spread across the globe, many countries have taken drastic measures to slow down infection rates. These include social distancing, and in some countries a complete lock-down of social and economic life. The impact of the corona virus disease (COVID-19) crisis is evident, on the lives of the worst affected families, our healthcare systems, and the world economy. There are particular concerns around the increased vulnerability of patients living with a chronic disease, and this also includes neurological conditions like... 
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is one of the most widely researched viruses in nature, and much remarkable scientific advancement have arisen from developments in HIV / AIDS research, including an in-depth knowledge of viral genetics, pathogenesis and life-saving antiretroviral therapies. HIV is one of history's most intensively researched viruses, contributing to a greater understanding of viral evolution and pathogenesis. In the field of antiretroviral therapy, though, the most remarkable advancements in HIV / AIDS work have arrived. The massive investment in HIV work is adequately explained and confirmed solely on the basis of practical developments pertaining to HIV / AIDS.... 
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a new type of therapy for Triple-negative breast cancer that has spread to other parts of the body and hasn’t responded to other treatments. Triple-negative breast cancer is called that because the cancer cells don’t have oestrogen or progesterone receptors and also don’t make too much of the protein called HER2. It has few treatment options and tends to grow and spread faster than other types of breast cancer. Trodelvy (sacituzumab govitecan-hziy) is a type of targeted therapy called an antibody drug conjugate. It works by delivering a chemotherapy drug directly to the cancer... 
Fluoride is a chemical that occurs naturally and helps avoid cavities by encouraging mineralization and making tooth enamel more acid resistant. For its role in reducing tooth decay, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC) called water fluoridation one of the 20th century's 10 great public health achievements. Dental fluorosis occurs when children between birth and around nine years of age are exposed to elevated levels of fluoride during this crucial period where their teeth develop, which can potentially increase their risk of decay in the tooth. A study revealed that about 25 percent of the surveyed U.S.... 
What A harmonized and collaborative approach to the clinical testing, scale-up and distribution of candidate vaccines to prevent COVID-19 is essential, scientific leaders write in a perspective published today in Science. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, government, industry and academia have introduced a variety of vaccine candidates. The authors note that more than one effective vaccine approach likely will be required to successfully protect the global community from SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. They describe a strategic approach to research and development that would generate essential data for multiple vaccine candidates in parallel. National Institutes of Health Director Francis... 
As coronavirus spreads across the globe, a crucial question has emerged: After recovering from an infection, are people immune? This question is important for understanding who can safely go back to work, as well as for understanding how long the worst impacts of the pandemic are likely to last. Because the virus is so new, the answer isn't fully understood. But so far, scientists say, it looks like SARS-CoV-2 probably induces immunity like other coronaviruses. That means that the human body will probably retain a memory of the virus for at least a few years and should be protected from... 
HIV does not invade nerve cells (neurons) directly, but endangers their work by infecting cells called glia which help and protect neurons. HIV also infects the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system) and induces symptoms such as: anxiety and forgetfulness. AIDS reflects the final stage of HIV infection. A person infected with HIV is diagnosed with AIDS when he or she has a extremely small number of CD4 + T cells and one or more "opportunistic" infections, such as certain forms of pneumonia or tuberculosis, which do not usually affect people with stable immune systems. Even when HIV is... 
Several prospective epidemiological studies on large cohorts have consistently reported an association between milk intake and a higher incidence of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Pesticide contaminations of milk and milk’s uprate-lowering effects have been put forward as risk factors to explain epidemiological data. This has led to considerable uncertainty among physicians and avoidance of dairy products by PD patients. However, neither factor stands up to the rational and detailed examination of the literature carried out in this mini-review. We suggest that changes in eating behavior related to pre-motor PD are an alternative potential explanation of correlations observed between milk intake and... 
Autophagy represents a catabolic program involved in the degradation of cellular components via lysosomes. It serves to mitigate cellular stress and to provide metabolic precursors especially upon starvation. Thereby, autophagy can support the survival of cancer cells. In addition, there is now convincing evidence showing that under certain conditions autophagy can also foster cell death. This dual function of autophagy is also relevant upon anticancer treatment, as many chemotherapeutic agents engage autophagy. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that are critical for mediating autophagic cell death in cancer cells will be instrumental to selectively interfere with this cellular program in order... 
Obesity and gum disease (periodontal) are among the most prevalent non-communicable disorders in the U.S. — and findings indicate that these medical illnesses can be related. This new research investigates the impact of obesity on periodontal non-surgical treatment and assesses possible mechanisms that could explain the link between the two conditions. Researchers find the evidence showed elevated body mass index, waist circumference and body fat ratio to be correlated with an increased risk of contracting gum disease, also known as periodontitis. At one point in time, most experiments evaluated data from population subsets, as opposed to analyzing the same population... 
Journal of Clinical Nursing and Practice has announced almost 50 percent discount on article processing charge to commemorate its Anniversary. 
Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons is a hallmark of Parkinson’s disease. However, its link to Parkinson’s disease symptoms remains unclear. Striatal resting state functional connectivity differentiates between Parkinson’s disease patients and healthy controls and might be a potential mediator of the effects of striatal dopaminergic degeneration onto Parkinson’s disease symptoms. Here, we evaluated the relationship between dopaminergic deficits, striatal functional connectivity (SFC) at rest and different Parkinson’s disease clinical symptoms in the largest currently established cohort of de novo Parkinson’s disease patients. We show that SFC is an independent predictor of symptom severity in Parkinson’s disease in addition to striatal dopaminergic deficits. Furthermore,... 
Journal of Clinical Nursing and Practice has announced almost 50 percent discount on article processing charge to commemorate its Anniversary. 
Ubiquitin specific protease 7 (USP7) is one of the deubiquitinating enzymes (DUB) that erases ubiquitin and protects substrate protein from degradation. Full activity of USP7 requires the C-terminal Ub-like domains fold back onto the catalytic domain, allowing the remodelling of the active site to a catalytically competent state by the C-terminal peptide. Until now, numerous proteins have been identified as substrates of USP7, which play a key role in cell cycle, DNA repair, chromatin remodelling, and epigenetic regulation. Aberrant activation or overexpression of USP7 may promote oncogenes is and viral disease, making it a target for therapeutic intervention. Currently, several... 
The deadly health crisis caused by covid-19 has set off a frenetic race against time to develop a vaccine, with progress being made way faster than any previous effort. While 83 companies across the globe are vying to develop a vaccine, six have already advanced to human trials or clinical evaluation stage, with 77 in pre-clinical evaluation phase as on 23 April, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) database That’s an unprecedented pace. The mumps vaccine—the fastest to ever reach the markets—took four years to licensing in 1967, according to National Geographic. Zydus Cadila, Serum Institute of... 
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has produced the fear and disorder inevitably provoked by emerging pathogens. As such, it should also inspire consideration of our experience with HIV over the past 40 years. As with HIV, the road to reducing infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, the cause of COVID-19), and attendant morbidity and mortality, requires medical and nonmedical strategies. The most important lesson learned from tackling HIV is to use a combination of prevention strategies. The first step to stopping the spread of SARS-CoV-2 has already been taken—behavioral changes. This reflects a rapid but imperfect... 
Antiretroviral therapy may quickly become ineffective, as scientists have successfully used immune cells to push and kill the latent form of HIV from its hiding spot. The findings could quickly lead to a vaccine against HIV. With the help of antiretroviral therapy, over half of these people now have a very low level of the virus. This means that they can no longer trasmit it to other people. Antiretroviral therapy can keep HIV in check so well that the virus is near-undetectable in the blood. The principal site of the attack is the immune system, in particular the CD4 T-lymphocytes... 
Teeth are a lasting and faithful biological record of the entire life of the organism, from the creation of the dent to death, a team of researchers found. Her research offers new evidence of the effect events have on an organism, such as reproduction and incarceration. The research focused on cementum, the dental tissue that covers the tooth's root. It begins to form annual layers -- similar to a tree's "rings" -- from the time the tooth surfaces in the mouth. The finding of this little-studied tissue that personal aspects of a person's life are documented promises to put cement... 
Pancreatitis || Complications and Treatment Journal of Health and Medical Research is a peer review open access journal in field of health and medicine. Here we discuss about Pancreatitis. Pancreatitis is inflammation in the pancreas. The pancreas is a long, flat gland that sits tucked behind the stomach in the upper abdomen. The pancreas produces enzymes that help digestion and hormones that help regulate the way your body processes sugar (glucose). Pancreatitis can occur as acute pancreatitis — meaning it appears suddenly and lasts for days. Or pancreatitis can occur as chronic pancreatitis, which is pancreatitis that occurs over many... 
Acute kidney failure || Complications and Prevention Acute kidney failure occurs when your kidneys suddenly become unable to filter waste products from your blood. When your kidneys lose their filtering ability, dangerous levels of wastes may accumulate, and your blood's chemical makeup may get out of balance. Acute kidney failure — also called acute renal failure or acute kidney injury — develops rapidly, usually in less than a few days. Acute kidney failure is most common in people who are already hospitalized, particularly in critically ill people who need intensive care. Acute kidney failure can be fatal and requires intensive... 
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic condition caused by the HIV virus. HIV infection is a very real threat and can simply be considered a plague on mankind. HIV-1 was identified as the causative organism soon after the first official recognition of HIV patients in the USA. HIV-2 was reported first in Africa in 1985 and is markedly different from HIV-1. Since its discovery, the global prevalence of HIV has grown and has now spread around the globe, following advancements in antiretroviral therapies (ART). The mortality and morbidity levels associated with HIV infections in developed countries remain high... 
Sex-associated differences in bone metastasis formation from breast, lung, and prostate cancer exist in clinical studies, but have not been systematically reviewed. Differences in the bone marrow niche can be attributed to sexual dimorphism, to genetic variations that affect sex hormone levels, or to the direct effects of sex hormones, natural or exogenously delivered. This review describes the present understanding of sex-associated and sex hormone level differences in the marrow niche and in formation of bone metastasis during the transition of these three cancers from treatable disease to an often untreatable, lethal metastatic one. Our purpose is to provide insight... 
The bone marrow is a favoured site for a number of cancers, including the haematological malignancy multiple myeloma, and metastasis of breast and prostate cancer. This specialized microenvironment is highly supportive, not only for tumour growth and survival but also for the development of an associated destructive cancer-induced bone disease. The interactions between tumour cells, osteoclasts and osteoblasts are well documented. By contrast, despite occupying a significant proportion of the bone marrow, the importance of bone marrow adipose tissue is only just emerging. The ability of bone marrow adipocytes to regulate skeletal biology and haematopoiesis, combined with their metabolic activity,... 
Past evidence shows inadequate oral hygiene contributes to bacteria in the blood, allowing the body to become inflamed. Inflammation raises the risk of atrial fibrillation (irregular heartbeat) and cardiac failure (impairment of the capacity of the cardiac to pump blood or relax and fill with oxygen). Tooth brushing was associated three or more times a day with a 10 percent lower risk of atrial fibrillation and a 12 percent lower risk of heart failure over 10.5 years of follow-up. The results were independent of a variety of variables including age, class, socioeconomic status, daily exercise, alcohol intake, body mass index... 
Historically the safest method for preventing people from infectious diseases has been vaccine. Although there are many strategies for HIV prevention, the production of a safe and reliable HIV vaccine remains crucial to putting a permanent end to the HIV / AIDS pandemic. NIAID and its strategic collaborators pursue various research initiatives aimed at identifying candidates for next generation vaccines. When exposed to an invading virus, the human immune system develops proteins called antibodies that become specialized to recognize and prevent infection by that particular virus. Thousands of strains of HIV-1 have been identified, and each can rapidly mutate to... 
Formal thought disorder (FTD) is manifest clinically as incoherent speech and is a central feature of schizophrenia. Thought disordered speech appears disorganized and lacks a clear theme or goal, suggesting that impairment in speech planning might be a key underlying factor. Coherent discourse also entails the continuous monitoring and editing of the verbal output, such that the intended and articulated speech correspond. The articulation of unusual or inappropriate words and the introduction of incongruous topics in thought disordered speech are thought to reflect a deficit in verbal self-monitoring in schizophrenia. Although normal discourse involves speech that is described as... 
The debate about the relation between psychiatric disorder and neural defect has produced different argumentative strategies for and against the identification of these two phenomena. I'll coin these strategies as an ontological strategy, an extensional strategy, and an intensional strategy, on which I will focus in this article. The first, ontological strategy takes the long road over a detailed characterization of the nature of psychiatric disorders and of neural defects. It then goes on to argue for a relation between these two ontological kinds. One anti-reductionist proposition of an ontological strategy can be found in Stir. He provides a... 
Journal of Clinical Nursing and Practice has announced almost 50 percent discount on article processing charge to commemorate its Anniversary. 
Journal of Clinical Nursing and Practice has announced almost 50 percent discount on article processing charge to commemorate its Anniversary. 
Coronavirus Vaccine Latest Update: Oxford University in the United Kingdom has begun the much-awaited coronavirus vaccine trial on humans. The first two volunteers were injected with the vaccine on April 23, 2020. Germany has also approved the nation's first clinical trials of the coronavirus vaccine on human volunteers. Germany's medical regulatory body, the Paul Ehrlich Institute (PEI) approved the nation's first clinical trials on humans on April 22, 2020. The potential coronavirus vaccine has been developed by German firm Biontech and US giant Pfizer. The UK and German coronavirus vaccine trials on humans are among the only five clinical trials... 
Recent advancement in stem-cell regenerative bioengineering therapy allows bioengineered tooth buds to be acquired for laboratory animals, and would certainly be a better, effective, clinically applicable tooth replacement treatment. Tooth loss is a global health concern that actually impacts millions of people worldwide. It affects not only mastication and pronunciation but also a number of physiological and psychological issues. The new quality gold procedure for removing the tooth is dental implants. Bioengineered tooth is one of the regenerative products where tissue engineering is carried out using stem cells. Stem cells are defined as clonogenic cells capable of both self-renewal and... 
Since zidovudine monotherapy was approved for AIDS diagnosis in 1987, significant progress has been made in designing antiretroviral drugs that are more effective against HIV infection. The quality of care changed from less effective and potentially toxic mono- and dual treatments used in the early 1990s to increasingly successful and well tolerated mixed drug regimens, including the introduction of fixed-dose combos (FDCs), and the harmonization of treatment regimens between specific groups. In the last three decades, at least 30 individuals and more than 20 dual and triple combined antiretroviral (ARV) medications were approved for treatment, and one dual combination for... 
A vaccine to halt the coronavirus pandemic could be available as early as this year for vulnerable groups such as health-care workers, even faster than initially thought, according to a key group at the heart of the global development effort. The Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, which is funding nine different coronavirus vaccine projects, has previously suggested a shot could be ready within 12 to 18 months, an already ambitious target. That assessment didn’t account for the possibility of companies working closely together to accelerate the process, faster enrollment in human trials and other factors, according to Richard Hatchett, the... 
Japanese encephalitis vaccine Journal of Health and Medical Research is a peer review open access journal in field of health and medicine. Here we discuss about Japanese encephalitis. Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an infection of the brain caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). While most infections result in little or no symptoms, occasional inflammation of the brain occurs. In these cases, symptoms may include headache, vomiting, fever, confusion and seizures. This occurs about 5 to 15 days after infection. JEV is generally spread by mosquitoes, specifically those of the Culex type. Pigs and wild birds serve as a reservoir for the virus. The disease mostly occurs outside of... 
Migraine in Malaysian Population: A Cause for Alarm Journal of Health and Medical Research is a peer review open access journal in field of health and medicine. Migraine in Malaysian Population: A Cause for Alarm is an opinion article which was published in volume 1, issue 1 of our journal. Headache is the most common disorder of the nervous system, comprising of a number of categories. Migraine is one of the crucial sub-types among them, to be precise. However, compared to the other types, migraine is inexplicably diverse in its manifestations, at the same time, extremely misinterpreting, under-diagnosed and more... 
The dental sciences started in ancient Egypt thousands of years ago, using valuable materials such as gold for restorations. Around the time new technologies were being used as new forms of treatment emerged in dentistry. Additionally, emerging innovations help dentists develop innovative methods for diagnosis. Rigid polymers, elastomers, metals, alloys, ceramics, inorganic salts and composite materials are commonly used within a variety of dental materials Dental materials are known as the foundation of both oral and dental scientific developments. In addition, as a first step before industrial use, computational simulation and stress analysis of the restorative components, prosthesis, and modern... 
Skin cancer is, at present, the most common type of malignancy in the Caucasian population. Its incidence has increased rapidly in the last decade for both melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. Differential expression profiles of microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported for a variety of different cancers, including skin cancers. Since miRNAs’ discovery as regulators of gene expression, their importance grew in the field of oncology. miRNAs can post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression, tumour initiation, development progression, and aggressiveness. Nowadays, these short regulatory RNAs are perceived as one of the epigenetic markers for the identification of new diagnostic and/or prognostic molecular markers.... 
RSK2 is a p90 ribosomal S6 kinase family (p90RSK) member regulating cell proliferation and transformation induced by tumour promoters such as epithelial growth factor (EGF) and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. This family of p90RSK has classified as a serine/threonine kinase that respond to many growth factors, peptide hormones, neurotransmitters, and environmental stresses such as ultraviolet (UV) light. Our recent study demonstrates that RSK2 plays a key role in human skin cancer development. Activation of RSK2 by EGF and UV through extracellular-activated protein kinases signalling pathway induces cell cycle progression, cell proliferation, and anchorage-independent cell transformation. Moreover, knockdown of RSK2 by si-RNA or sh-RNA abrogates... 
Several comorbidities are associated to migraine. Recent meta-analyses have consistently demonstrated a relationship between migraine and stroke, which is well-defined for ischemic stroke and migraine with aura (MA), even stronger in females on oral contraceptives or smokers. However, there seems to be no clear-cut association between stroke in migraines and the common vascular risk factors, at least in the young adult population. Migraines also run an increased risk of haemorrhagic stroke, while the association between migraine and cardiovascular disease remains poorly defined. Another aspect is the relationship between migraine and the presence of silent brain lesions. It has been demonstrated... 
Chronic migraine is a highly disabling disease with a great impact on socioeconomic functioning and quality of life of migraine patients. Chronic migraine usually evolves from episodic migraine that gradually increases in attack frequency, supporting the view of migraine as a spectrum disorder. Pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for migraine cornification are not fully understood. Likewise episodic migraine, chronic migraine patients show widespread functional and structural alterations of cortical and subcortical pain-related brain areas. However, chronic migraine patients experience a more pronounced dysfunction of the pain inhibitory network and an increased sensitization of the central pain pathways, which might explain the higher... 
Journal of Clinical Nursing and Practice has announced almost 50 percent discount on article processing charge to commemorate its Anniversary. 
For the first time, one of the many COVID-19 vaccines in development has protected an animal, rhesus macaques, from infection by the new coronavirus, scientists report. The vaccine, an old-fashioned formulation consisting of a chemically inactivated version of the virus, produced no obvious side effects in the monkeys, and human trials began on 16 April. Researchers from Sinovac Biotech, a privately held Beijing-based company, gave two different doses of their COVID-19 vaccine to a total of eight rhesus macaque monkeys. Three weeks later, the group introduced SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, into the monkeys’ lungs through tubes down their tracheas, and none... 
HIV-associated B-cell exhaustion was first identified in 2008, shortly after the presentation of recurrent virus-induced T-cell exhaustion, and the discovery of a subset of B cells in tonsil tissues with immune-regulatory features close to those found in T-cell exhaustions. HIV infection immunopathogenesis entails disruptions of both innate and adaptive immunity including B cells and the antibodies they produce. Persistent HIV replication is often associated with other B-cell disruptions including over-representation of active and depleted B-cell memory subsets, the latter being the most prevalent characteristic during the chronic infection period. In addition to the presence of additional memory B-cell subsets, which... 
The sensitivity of the tooth also called as Dentin Hypersensitivity, the hypersensitivity of the dentin is not a personal concern and is easily rectified by the standard oral hygiene process. Dentin hypersensitivity is not pathological defects associated with teeth, it is medically described as a painful reaction to thermal, chemical, mechanical or osmotic stimulant treatment applied to opened dentinal tubules. Dentinal tubules are responsible and play a crucial role in Dentin hypersensitivity; it helps to transfer the stimulant and irritant potential up to the pulp. Blocking of dentinal tubules and reduce the diameter of dentinal tubules are helpful to get... 
Journal of Clinical Nursing and Practice has announced almost 50 percent discount on article processing charge to commemorate its Anniversary. 
Two candidate vaccines for COVID-19 have entered the first phase of human clinical trials and another 60 candidate vaccines are in pre-clinical studies, the World Health Organisation (WHO) has confirmed. The vaccine candidate jointly developed by CanSino Biological Inc and Beijing Institute of Biotechnology uses the non-replicating viral vector as the platform, same as the non-corona candidates like Ebola, to develop a vaccine with a 'Adenovirus Type 5' candidate, a draft landscape of COVID-19 vaccine candidates brought out today. Sources say adenoviruses are common viruses that cause pneumonia and can deliver potential antigens to stimulate the production of antibodies that... 
There are two types of HIV viruses: HIV-1 is pandemic and violent, while HIV-2 is mainly restricted to West Africa, and less pathogenic. HIV-2 was first detected in West Africa in 1986. Concepts of effective vaccines and therapies aimed at reducing the progression of HIV disease and spreading it by sustained regulation of viral replication without lifelong treatment were proposed as more realistic options for regulation of the HIV pandemic. Many studies also suggested that if a normal course of disease occurs, only about 15–25 percent of HIV-2 infected individuals will progress to AIDS. Such findings, however, were focused on data... 
Helicobacter pylori -Peptic ulcers H. pylori is a common type of bacteria that grows in the digestive tract and has a tendency to attack the stomach lining. It infects the stomachs of roughly 60 percent. Trusted Source of the world’s adult population. H. pylori infections are usually harmless, but they’re responsible for the majority of ulcers in the stomach and small intestine. The “H” in the name is short for Helicobacter. “Helico” means spiral, which indicates that the bacteria are spiral shaped. H. pylori often infect your stomach during childhood. While infections with this strain of bacteria typically don’t cause... 
Measles Virus| Vaccination Journal of Health and Medical Research is an open access peer reviewed journal. We would like to discuss about Measles in this note. Measles is a childhood infection caused by a virus. Once quite common, measles can now almost always be prevented with a vaccine. Also called rubeola, measles can be serious and even fatal for small children. While death rates have been falling worldwide as more children receive the measles vaccine, the disease still kills more than 100,000 people a year, most under the age of 5. As a result of high vaccination rates in general,... 
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is frequently comorbid with other neurological disorders such as intellectual disability (ID) or global development delay (GDD) and epilepsy. The pathogenesis of ASD is complex. So far, studies have identified more than 1000 ASD risk genes. Most of them were also reported to relate with other neurological diseases, and only several of them have been confirmed as pathogenic genes for autism. Little is known about the roles of these risk genes in neurological diseases with ASD. In the present study, we recruited a cohort of 158 neurological disorder propends with 163 variants of 48 ASD risk... 
Ginseng (Order: Appeals, Family: Araliaceae, Genus: Panax) has been used as a traditional herbal medicine for over 2000 years, and is recorded to have antianxiety, antidepressant and cognition enhancing properties. The protective effects of ginseng on neurological disorders are discussed in this review. Ginseng species and ginsenosides, and their intestinal metabolism and bioavailability are briefly introduced. This is followed by molecular mechanisms of effects of ginseng on the brain, including glutamatergic transmission, monoamine transmission, oestrogen signalling, nitric oxide (NO) production, the Keap1/Nrf2 adaptive cellular stress pathway, neuronal survival, apoptosis, neural stem cells and neuroregeneration, microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and cerebral micro... 
HIV-1 isolates are also classified using 'rank' phenotype neutralization. Tier classification has significant implications for controlling and understanding vaccine-induced responses to neutralizing antibodies. Identifying HIV-1 vaccines which generate broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) will require reliable information on the ability of vaccine-induced antibodies to neutralize various virus strains. Tier 1A is the most sensitive neutralization phenotype and represents a very minor fraction of circulating strains. Tier 1B is the next most sensitive and represents a larger but still relatively small fraction of circulating strains. For several years, T-cell line-adapted strains were the primary source of vaccine immunogens and were highly susceptible... 
The tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNF-R)-associated factor (TRAF) family of cytoplasmic adaptor proteins regulate the signal transduction pathways of a variety of receptors, including the TNF-R superfamily, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), and cytokine receptors. TRAF-dependent signalling pathways participate in a diverse array of important cellular processes, including the survival, proliferation, differentiation, and activation of different cell types. Many of these TRAF-dependent signaling pathways have been implicated in cancer pathogenesis. Here we analyse the current evidence of genetic alterations of TRAF molecules available from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Catalog of Somatic Mutations in... 
Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) designates an enigmatic cancer entity with histologic confirmation of malignancy from a metastasis but no identifiable primary tumour in spite of a thorough diagnostic work-up. In this review, we discuss the validity of CUP as a distinct cancer entity as well as diagnostic pitfalls. As arguments against a distinct entity, the diagnosis of CUP is erroneous in some cases. Diagnostic pitfalls include incomplete diagnostics, uncertainty in classifying a lesion as either primary or metastasis and mistaking a relapse of an antecedent malignancy as CUP due to histologic and immunohistologic disparities. Given the high frequency of... 
With more technological advances, the dental industry continues to develop and expand which will improve the patient experience. Dentists, researchers and scientists continue to look with minimally invasive methods for ways of improving dental health.Dental software is used to process payments, to maintain records and to plan them. There is a variety of management tools for dental practice which are software systems or frameworks. Computer apps are others, and cloud-based systems are others. People who develop these programs or know how to use them while working in dental clinics have valuable skills which are highly valued in the dental sector.... 
Journal of Clinical Nursing and Practice has announced almost 50 percent discount on article processing charge to commemorate its Anniversary. 
There is no evidence that the Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine (BCG) protects people against infection with COVID-19 virus. Two clinical trials addressing this question are underway, and WHO will evaluate the evidence when it is available. In the absence of evidence, WHO does not recommend BCG vaccination for the prevention of COVID-19. WHO continues to recommend neonatal BCG vaccination in countries or settings with a high incidence of tuberculosis.1 There is experimental evidence from both animal and human studies that the BCG vaccine has non-specific effects on the immune system. These effects have not been well characterized and their clinical relevance... 
Summary: Scientists have shown that the drug remdesivir is highly effective in stopping the replication mechanism of the coronavirus that causes COVID-19. The finding follows closely on research demonstrating how the drug worked against the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) virus, a related coronavirus. Scientists at the University of Alberta have shown that the drug remdesivir is highly effective in stopping the replication mechanism of the coronavirus that causes COVID-19, according to new research published today in the Journal of Biological Chemistry. The paper follows closely on research published by the same lab in late February that demonstrated how the... 
HIV self-testing (HIVST) has grown rapidly in recent years and is now considered to be a modern and vital tool for managing the epidemic. Self-testing for HIV involves collection of saliva or a finger stick blood sample by an individual, either in a supervised or unsupervised setting, for analysis by a laboratory or, more recently, for analysis by the user – much like a home pregnancy test. In general, individuals complete testing with little or no training. A study in Seattle, WA, USA, randomized MSM to access to self-tests versus standard clinical tests and followed participants for a median of... 
Journal of Clinical Nursing and Practice has announced almost 50 percent discount on article processing charge to commemorate its Anniversary. 
Chlorhexidine has been widely used as an antiseptic agent in dental practice since 1970, owing to its long-lasting antibacterial efficacy with a wide range of action. In several studies using in vitro methods documenting positive results of CHX in reducing the proliferation of bacterial species associated with parodontal disease, such as Enterobacteria, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and various Actinomyces and Streptococcus species, including Streptococcus mutans, which are known to be the major etiological agent of dental caries. The use of CHX was effective in the treatment of halitosis, especially in reducing the levels of halitosis-related bacteria colonising the dorsal surface... 
Optical imaging technology may help surgeons better treat cancer, brain diseases Journal of Health and Medical Research is an open access peer reviewed journal. Journal of Health and Medical Research publishes articles covering wide range of disciplines including Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology focused on developing effective medicines, efficient procedures dealing both preclinical aspects like molecular and cellular research, in vitro and animal model studies as well as clinical trials A new tool for medical professionals may help shed more light on tumors in the body and how the brain operates. Purdue University researchers created technology that uses optical imaging to better... 
Recent Trends of Common Factors of Geriatric Medicine and Rehabilitation Medicine Journal of Health and Medical Research publishes articles covering wide range of disciplines including Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology focused on developing effective medicines, efficient procedures dealing both preclinical aspects like molecular and cellular research, in vitro and animal model studies as well as clinical trials. Health research topics relating to disease prevalence, risk factors, public health intervention outcomes as well as healthcare economics and medical research topics including etiology of disease, prognosis, management and treatment, functional aspects of human physiology, mechanisms of health improvement and reduction in the burden... 
In 2018, there were 17 million new cases of cancer worldwide. For most patients, entry into the health system occurred through primary care following symptomatic presentation at general practice. In most countries, general practitioners (GPs) act as ‘’gatekeepers” to secondary health services and specialist care, assessing risk and ensuring appropriate and timely movement of patients from primary to secondary care. Based on the presenting problem or patient needs, GPs can pursue a range of actions, from issuing prescriptions, undertaking further investigations such as pathology, radiology or imaging services and referral to specialist care services. General practice can therefore make... 
Music is an important source of enjoyment, learning, and well-being in life as well as a rich, powerful, and versatile stimulus for the brain. With the advance of modern neuroimaging techniques during the past decades, we are now beginning to understand better what goes on in the healthy brain when we hear, play, think, and feel music and how the structure and function of the brain can change as a result of musical training and expertise. For more than a century, music has also been studied in the field of neurology where the focus has mostly been on musical deficits... 
Journal of Clinical Nursing and Practice has announced almost 50 percent discount on article processing charge to commemorate its Anniversary. 
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Development (JPSDD) is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that focuses on all aspects of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Celebrating a successful publication history, 
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Development solicits research contributions pertaining to drug design, drug discovery, natural products, formulation, personalized medicine, testing the efficacy of drug molecule in vitro and in vivo, pharmacokinetics, pharmacogenomics, analytical sciences, nanotechnology, therapeutic aspects, quality control, optimization by medicinal chemistry, drug pharmacodynamics, evaluation of safety and toxicity of drug molecules, regulatory science as well as computational approaches. Editor-in-Chief David Gortler is supported by an outstanding Editorial Board of international researchers. This multidisciplinary open-access journal is at the forefront of disseminating and communicating scientific knowledge and impactful discoveries to researchers, academics, clinicians and the public worldwide.... 
Information about the natural history of HIV quickly accrued in the early days of the HIV epidemic. But the widespread use of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) has caused a shift in the research community's emphasis away from natural history studies to those of treated infection. Nonetheless, our understanding of natural history has seen many developments in recent years. In the absence of Medicine, the normal course of untreated HIV infection differs widely with certain HIV-positive individuals who are able to maintain elevated CD4 cell counts and/or suppressed viral load. Although there is increasing evidence that initiation of ART during primary... 
Several recent reports have provided data that cancer development is substantially controlled by the immune system, and that immunotherapy may be a credible strategy in cancer. Chronic inflammatory conditions such as reflux esophagitis (oesophageal cancer), inflammatory bowel disease and chronic ulcerative colitis (colorectal cancer), chronic pancreatitis (pancreatic cancer), asbestosis (lung cancer), as well as infections like hepatitis (hepatocellular cancer) and mononucleosis (Burkett’s Lymphoma) have been linked to carcinogenesis. However, the use of inflammatory biomarkers as early predictive markers has been disappointing. For instance, studies evaluating the associations of C-reactive protein, a commonly used inflammation-related biomarker, with colorectal cancer (CRC)... 
The pathophysiology of CNS lesions is very complicated, including secondary damages to neural tissues after a primary injury, neuronal and glial loss, scar formation, and permanent disconnections of axonal tracts around the lesion. Loss of neural cells and networks in the CNS often causes persistent functional deficits with very limited recovery. Currently, there are few treatments for patients suffering from neurological functional deficits. Recent advances in understanding the secondary injury mechanism and signalling pathways for controlling CNS regeneration may help develop novel and effective neuroprotective and regenerative strategies. However, our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms for CNS... 
Dental fluorosis is characterized as the hypomineralization of tooth enamel resulting from chronic, excessive fluoride ingestion during the development of the tooth, particularly during the pre-eruptive maturation period. Most cases of fluorosis are moderate, and treatment is not required. For more serious situations, teeth whitening, veneers, or other methods of cosmetic dentistry may be used to remedy any lasting discolouration. They no longer risk developing fluorosis once a child reaches the age of 8. Where dental fluorosis occurs in the primary teeth, the gingival third of the second primary molars is the most commonly seen. In general, the growth of... 
Journal of Clinical Nursing and Practice has announced almost 50 percent discount on article processing charge to commemorate its Anniversary. 
The gp120 protein in the HIV envelope initially makes contact with CD4, a protein receptor on the target cell surface, in order to infect cells. This first interaction with CD4 allows the viral protein gp120 to change its shape — facilitating the virus 'entry into the cell. There are currently two FDA-approved drugs that can block this process — Maraviroc and Enfuvirtide — and the same class (entry inhibitors) search for more drugs continue. The researchers investigated MF275's ability to prevent infection by various HIV strains. In some cases the medication effectively blocked entry. However, in others the drug has... 
Conference on Nursing Science and Practice Journal of Clinical Nursing and Practice has announced almost 50 percent discount on article processing charge to commemorate its Anniversary. 
Nursing Care Plans: Nursing Care Journal of Clinical Nursing and Practice has announced almost 50 percent discount on article processing charge to commemorate its Anniversary. 
Effect of Exercises Training on Fatigue, Depression and Physical Activity in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Journal of Health and Medical Research is an open access peer reviewed journal which provides a global platform for facilitating and promoting health and medical research communications, exchange of research concepts, sharing of recent developments, observations, expert opinions and innovative concepts as well as coordinated scientific programs. With open accessibility, the journal aims to provide inspiration to the students, interns and young medical professionals in their research careers. It publishes articles covering wide range of disciplines including Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology focused on developing effective... 
Reformulation-Focused Life Cycle Management of the FDA-Approved Drugs Journal of Health and Medical Research provides a global platform for facilitating and promoting health and medical research communications, exchange of research concepts, sharing of recent developments, observations, expert opinions and innovative concepts as well as coordinated scientific programs. With open accessibility, the journal aims to provide inspiration to the students, interns and young medical professionals in their research careers. Scope of the Journal Journal of Health and Medical Research publishes articles covering wide range of disciplines including Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology focused on developing effective medicines, efficient procedures dealing both preclinical aspects like... 
Journal of Clinical Nursing and Practice has announced almost 50 percent discount on article processing charge to commemorate its Anniversary. 
Journal of Clinical Nursing and Practice has announced almost 50 percent discount on article processing charge to commemorate its Anniversary. 
The Global Antiretroviral (ARV) optimization project initially focused on increasing global access to key ARV drugs available at the time by lowering costs and simplifying manufacturing processes, seeking to achieve rapid reduction in HIV mortality, life survival and AID progression prevention, and the risk of transmission of HIV in the local region. With the emerging science of HIV treatment in the last decade, new measures have been taken to ensure a shift to new drugs and formulations with improved efficacy, lower toxicity, fewer contraindications and higher resilience against drug resistance, to reduce the need to turn to more complicated and... 
The World Health Organization (WHO) have launched SOLIDARITY, a giant trial, testing the potential of therapies, old and new, to beat the coronavirus that is causing the current pandemic.. In a 
A drug used in Japan to treat influenza seems to be effective at treating 
Organ preservation with acceptable late functional outcome is becoming the most favourable goal in head and neck cancer treatment since awareness of “coming back to life”-needs of survivors increased. Patient age dropped down especially in ororpharynx cancer in the last years mainly due to HPV. Growing literature regarding rehabilitation, late functional outcome and toxicity is focusing this issue strongly and pushing all in head and neck cancer involved disciplines to stress survival with acceptable late functional outcome and better health related quality of life. Therefore consideration of organ preservation moved from pure anatomical “organ in place” observation to late functional... 
Gas signaling molecules (GSMs), composed of oxygen, carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, hydrogen sulfide, etc.play critical roles in regulating signal transduction and cellular homeostasis. Interestingly, through various administrations, these molecules also exhibit potential in cancer treatment. Recently, hydrogen gas (formula: H2) emerges as another GSM which possesses multiple bioactivities, including anti-inflammation, anti-reactive oxygen species, and anti-cancer. Growing evidence has shown that hydrogen gas can either alleviate the side effects caused by conventional chemotherapeutics, or suppress the growth of cancer cells and xenograft tumour, suggesting its broad patent application in clinical therapy. In the current review, we summarize... 
Bladder cancer is the 4th most common male cancer and 9th most common female malignancy. Despite its high incidence and prevalence, clinical outcomes have been static over the past 25 years. In 2010, bladder cancer care ranked 9th as the most expensive cancer in the USA with cumulative costs of 4 billion US dollars or 3.2% of all cancer-related care. A potential and significant contributing factor for the relative lack of improvement in the static mortality rate of BC is the small investment in bladder cancer. In the UK, prostate cancer research is supported with over £26,458,355 in funding and... 
Journal of Clinical Nursing and Practice has announced almost 50 percent discount on article processing charge to commemorate its Anniversary. The 
Mammalian somatosensory system is a bodily apparatus for perceiving and analyzing mechanical, thermal and chemical stimuli from the environment and viscera. Together with other senses, somatosensation is crucial for life as it feeds into and supports one’s momentary concept of the reality. Somatosensory system also serves another important function – it warns about imminent tissue damage (a sensation known as pain). Peripheral part of the somatosensory system consists of peripheral sensory neurons with cell bodies residing within the specific ganglia (e.g. dorsal root or trigeminal ganglia) and very long axons spreading throughout the body within sensory fibres. Peripheral terminals of... 
The problem of clinical pain management is complex and far-reaching, as it encompasses many different types of pain, such as arthritis, musculoskeletal conditions, neuropathic pain, and visceral pain. The analgesics market is growing and the driving forces are the aging population and need for better therapeutic benefits. There are various analgesic products that are available that can be administered by various routes, yet research is active in identifying new technologies for better drug targeting and novel targets to gain improved therapeutic efficiency. It is widely known that many of the well-established analgesic pathways are centrally based, involving spinal and... 
Anti-cancer pharmaceuticals that are practical to be delivered into specific subcellular compartment could be divided into at least two groups. The first comprises substances that show their effects only when delivered to a certain cell compartment, like DNA in the nucleus. There is a growing interest in. Anti-cancer pharmaceuticals that are practical to be delivered into specific subcellular compartment could be divided into at least two groups. The first comprises substances that show their effects only when delivered to a certain cell compartment, like DNA in the nucleus. There is a growing interest in targeted subcellular delivery of such... 
Cancer care delivery refers to the multiple layers of the health care system that interact to affect outcomes for patients with cancer and the quality of that care. The factors included in the care delivery system that potentially alter outcomes include social dynamics, financing systems, organizational structures and processes, health technologies, provider and individual behaviors. Because women’s health care has its own unique challenges, the intersection between cancer care delivery and women’s health is to be examined in this Frontiers in Oncology issue. The unique opportunities and challenges of improving the health care system for women with breast and gynecologic... 
Stroke is the leading cause of death and permanent disability worldwide. Hemostasis abnormalities resulting in thrombosis of the cerebral vasculature lead to ischemic strokes, while unbalanced hemostasis resulting in bleeding is a key contributor to most hemorrhagic strokes. Stroke is the leading cause of death and permanent disability worldwide. Hemostasis abnormalities resulting in thrombosis of the cerebral vasculature lead to ischemic strokes, while unbalanced hemostasis resulting in bleeding is a key contributor to most hemorrhagic strokes. Despite best efforts to study the hemostatic system, specific alterations that predispose patients to stroke remain poorly defined, and the exact role played... 
Decision algorithms in acute stroke have continuously evolved over the last two decades to more precisely capture the heterogeneous distribution of this devastating disease. Clinical trials, as well as large scale retrospective studies, have demonstrated safe use of re-canalization therapy for prolonged time windows, refined perfusion–diffusion mismatch, core estimation, risk of haemorrhage, and better estimation of recovery. With the advent of genomics and personalized biomarkers, decision support algorithms in stroke will continue to be improved and increasingly rely on complex computational models. In recent years, the greater accessibility to large imaging and clinical datasets and the increased computational power... 
The global population is aging, and the growing awareness of the importance of promoting healthy aging is becoming increasingly relevant to physicians of many disciplines and fields of expertise. The complex issues affecting the health of older adults demand a multidisciplinary and coordinated personalized approach. The acquisition of an array of medical conditions and comorbidities with advancing age with a background of age-related physiological changes slowly diminishes functional and cognitive reserve. While health issues play a central role in this composite and interesting tapestry woven around the older adult, other facets become increasingly relevant. These include family... 
Journal of Clinical Nursing and Practice has announced almost 50 percent discount on article processing charge to commemorate its Anniversary. 
The aim of the study was to design, optimize and evaluate transdermal glycerogelatin in situ film containing Calotropis gigantea leaves extract for the treatment of Arthritis. Skin is considered as an important route of administration for both local and systemic effects. Topical film forming systems are developing 
Journal of Clinical Nursing and Practice has announced almost 50 percent discount on article processing charge to commemorate its Anniversary. The 
One of the major health problems that can be seen around the world is Anti-microbial resistance and the main cause behind it, is easy availability and higher consumption of medicines. Rifampicin Resistance Tuberculosis (RRTB) occur when rpoB (RNA polymerase) gene in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) gets mutated and this rpoB gene encodes for beta-subunit of RNA polymerase. Clinical specimens including pulmonary and extra-pulmonary secretion were collected from patients and detected for Tuberculosis (TB) positive cases by targeting mpb64 (Mannose-Binding Protein) gene at 240 base pair. TB positive samples were taken to pre-amplification area for master-mix preparation for Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)... 
The diversity of interneurons in the central nervous system is striking. Only in the cortex, interneurons account for around 20% of all neurons; most of these cells are GABAergic and are morphologically and functionally diverse since they comprise no less than twenty-three different types. Indeed, the malfunction of some of these neurons has been associated with some neurological disorders such as depression, epilepsy or schizophrenia. In general, each interneuron type can be more effectively driven by a preferred stimulus; this diversity of activation thus broadens the operating range of the neuronal circuits. In this context, understanding the roles of... 
Journal of Clinical Nursing and Practice has announced almost 50 percent discount on article processing charge to commemorate its Anniversary. Journal of Clinical Nursing and Practice aims to disseminate knowledge and promote discussion through the publication of peer-reviewed, high quality research papers on all topics related to Clinical nursing. The 
Health disparities are an important public health policy concern as they are related to the social inequalities in population health. Health disparities are not just a problem for the persons experiencing them, but also a concern for the entire population in the society. Take the U.S. as an example; there are large health status gaps between racial groups, and the health of the racial minorities in the U.S. will negatively impact the overall health of the nation. Health disparities are also costly and particularly burdensome to the US healthcare system. A 2009 report on the economic burden of health disparities... 
Immunoglobulins Immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies, are glycoprotein molecules produced by plasma cells (white blood cells). They act as a critical part of the immune response by specifically recognizing and binding to particular antigens, such as bacteria or viruses, and aiding in their destruction. The antibody immune response is highly complex and exceedingly specific. The various immunoglobulin classes and subclasses (isotypes) differ in their biological features, structure, target specificity and distribution. Hence, the assessment of the immunoglobulin isotype can provide useful insight into complex humoral immune response. Assessment and knowledge of immunoglobulin structure and classes is also important for selection... 
Protective plasma cells (PCs) arise following infection and vaccination, and long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs) provide humoral protection for a lifetime. PCs are the resting, non-proliferative, terminally differentiated effectors of B cells that secrete protective antibodies decades following antigen encounter. In the blood, early antibody secreting cells (ASCs) eventually mature into LLPCs, but the specific molecular programs regulating this maturation process remain elusive. The phenotype of human LLPCs is currently defined as a CD19negCD138+CD38hi compartment. However, even within this well-defined population, these cells are likely to be heterogeneous. Size, ribosomal content and the metabolic status of the LLPC remain important questions.... 
Recent progress in deciphering the relationship between spiking activity and brain rhythms (including the resonant properties of neurons) has revealed profound modulation of coherence between neurons within local and between distant structures. This modulation of coherence raises the question whether the phase of these oscillations may control spike flow in the brain much faster than slowly adapting synaptic modifications, as earlier thought. For example, the phase of local subthreshold oscillations affects the probability of neurons responding to input from other areas, thus the oscillations are capable of gating the information flow. In turn, the output information flow is then able... 
AUTOPHAGY The word autophagy is derived from Greek words “auto” meaning self and “phagy” meaning eating. Autophagy is a normal physiological process in the body that deals with destruction of cells in the body. It maintains homeostasis or normal functioning by protein degradation and turnover of the destroyed cell organelles for new cell formation. During cellular stress the process of Autophagy is upscaled and increased. Cellular stress is caused when there is deprivation of nutrients and/or growth factors. Thus Autophagy may provide an alternate source of intracellular building blocks and substrates that may generate energy to enable continuous cell survival.... 
Journal of Clinical Nursing and Practice has announced almost 50 percent discount on article processing charge to commemorate its Anniversary. 
Journal of Clinical Nursing and Practice has announced almost 50 percent discount on article processing charge to commemorate its Anniversary. Journal of Clinical Nursing and Practice aims to disseminate knowledge and promote discussion through the publication of peer-reviewed, high quality research papers on all topics related to nursing. The open access journal is published by the Lexis Group comprising of Lexis Academy and Lexis Press, has come a long way in publishing sector. The 
Journal of Clinical Nursing and Practice has announced almost 50 percent discount on article processing charge to commemorate its Anniversary. Journal of Clinical Nursing and Practice aims to disseminate knowledge and promote discussion through the publication of peer-reviewed, high quality research papers on all topics related to nursing. The open access journal is published by the Lexis Group comprising of Lexis Academy and Lexis Press, has come a long way in publishing sector. The 
The medical research and clinical practice community has long recognized that many diseases and conditions are not homogeneous. While the concept of an “average” patient has been the status quo, we are starting to see the limitations of this practice in that the cost of developing new medications are escalating while the improvements of patient outcome through these treatments are marginal. Policy makers around the world are increasingly recognizing a need for meaningful improvements and in patient outcome that is at the same time economically sustainable, and are thus turning to systems medicine approaches to provide a solution. ... 
Biosignals have been extensively used in the medical domain for more than 200 years, with Electrocardiography (ECG) and Electroencephalography (EEG) being well-known examples. Over the past decades, the application of computer science and engineering principles to the field has proven to be of paramount importance, leading to remarkable technical, methodological and scientific achievements. Today, biosignals are a popular topic within the global research community, and potential applications are far-reaching within the medical arena, paving the way for the emerging field of Physiological Computing (PC). In an analogous way to that of physical computing, PC can be defined as the... 
Mitochondria, the indispensable and highly dynamic, energy-generating organelles in all eukaryotic cells, play essential roles in fundamental cellular processes, including calcium buffering, reactive oxygen species generation, ion homeostasis, lipid metabolism, cellular differentiation, cell death and apoptosis among others. Given the fact that mitochondria are the main sites of high metabolic activity and, hence, a hotspot of metabolic stress, it is not surprising that the impairment of their function is involved in the development and progression of a broad spectrum of pathological conditions. Thus, several and redundant quality control mechanisms have evolved to sustain and restore mitochondrial function, including mitochondrial biogenesis,... 
Traditional public health practice has had a central reliance on data, and the core discipline of epidemiology, in order to inform health policy and priority-setting, drive health improvement across whole populations, and target disadvantaged populations. Core activities include risk factor and disease surveillance, screening, development of interventions and evaluation. Since the 1970s, New Public Health has also emphasised community engagement, health promotion, partnerships and advocacy. In the last twenty years, and particularly with the sequencing of the human genome and advances in information communications technology, new possibilities are opening up for a much more finely delineated view... 
Journal of Clinical Nursing and Practice has announced almost 50 percent discount on article processing charge to commemorate its Anniversary. Journal of Clinical Nursing and Practice aims to disseminate knowledge and promote discussion through the publication of peer-reviewed, high quality research papers on all topics related to Chromatography. The 
Journal of Clinical Nursing and Practice aims to disseminate knowledge and promote discussion through the publication of peer-reviewed, high quality research papers on all topics related to Chromatography and has announced a reasonable discounts in the publication charges.The open access journal is published by the Lexis Group comprising of Lexis Academy and Lexis Press, has come a long way in publishing sector. The 
Journal of Clinical Nursing and Practice has announced almost 50 percent discount on article processing charge to commemorate its Anniversary. Journal of Clinical Nursing and Practice aims to disseminate knowledge and promote discussion through the publication of peer-reviewed, high quality research papers on all topics related to nursing. The open access journal is published by the Lexis Group comprising of Lexis Academy and Lexis Press, has come a long way in publishing sector. The 
The survival and biological fitness of a species rely on its capacity to reproduce. In most animal species, the potential for successful reproduction depends on both the male and female physiological and mental health. While fertility and pregnancy have received attention from ancient times until this day, the investigation of the female’s fertility-pregnancy-brain-behavior axis has been limited. Female fertility is dependent on an extensive array of factors and has been regulated through the centuries, varying in methods. According to a recent CDC report, in the United States alone, in the years 2015-2017, approximately 65% of women... 
Medical imaging is a core component in medical health care, and accounts for 40% of all UK hospital procedures. Clinical screening programmes for breast and colorectal cancer rely exclusive on medical imaging. The vast amount of imaging data produced by modalities such as CT and MRI, and other imaging technologies are rapidly changing the radiological task. Until the 1940’s radiologists assumed that the reports of trained specialists were a faithful representation of the images’ information content. In subsequent years the issue of observer error began to emerge as a critical factor. For example, it became clear that... 
Personalised medicine is tailored to individual patient needs and is gaining increased attention due to its benefits in reducing side effects and increasing treatment efficacy. Consequently, the demand for more personalised medical devices is growing rapidly and, with advancements in the integration of design, prototyping and manufacturing, personalised orthopedic therapies with improved treatment success and patient outcome are becoming more widely accessible. Classically, most medical devices, such as surgical implants, have been designed and manufactured on a mass scale, and are limited in their ranges of size and shape. Such limitations have triggered the quest to develop... 
One of the most critical issues related to the social and economic impact of artificial intelligence is work automation – and hence the possible disappearance of human jobs. However, just as important is the interaction between human work and artificial agents, which was immediately found to be relevant in medical practice, as a result of the progress made by the application of machine learning algorithms for both diagnostic and prognostic purposes. The promise is usually that application of these technologies will be positive in terms of accuracy, speed, economy and quality of the decision-making process. On the other hand, initial... 
Journal of Clinical Nursing and Practice has announced almost 50 percent discount on article processing charge to commemorate its Anniversary. Journal of Clinical Nursing and Practice aims to disseminate knowledge and promote discussion through the publication of peer-reviewed, high quality research papers on all topics related to nursing. The open access journal is published by the Lexis Group comprising of Lexis Academy and Lexis Press, has come a long way in publishing sector. The 
Journal of Clinical Nursing and Practice has announced almost 50 percent discount on article processing charge.Journal of Clinical Nursing and Practice aims to disseminate knowledge and promote discussion through the publication of peer-reviewed, high quality research papers on all topics related to Chromatography. The open access journal is published by the Lexis Group comprising of Lexis Academy and Lexis Press, has come a long way in publishing sector. The 
The Journal of Health and Medical Research (JHMR), now in its 2nd year, is the pioneer open access Health journal and is the flagship journal of Lexis Publications. As an open access journal, we are read by clinicians, allied health professionals, informal caregivers, and patients alike, and have (as with all JHMR journals) a focus on readable and applied science reporting the design and evaluation of health innovations and emerging technologies. We publish original research, viewpoints, and reviews (both literature reviews and medical device/technology/app reviews). We solicit your kind co-operation by not submitting plagiarized manuscripts. IHRJ has a... 
European Journal of Clinical Oncology has announced almost 50 percent discount on article processing charge to commemorate its Anniversary. On behalf of the European journal of clinical oncology, as Editor-in-Chief, it is my distinct honour and privileged to welcome Analytical Society to our journal. The European Journal of Clinical Oncology aims to disseminate knowledge and promote discussion through the publication of peer-reviewed, high quality research papers on all topics related to oncology. The Journal is successfully running which covers a wide variety of specialties including strives to publish highest quality articles pertaining to clinical research, which are freely accessible to one... 
Journal of Clinical Nursing and Practice has announced almost 50 percent discount on article processing charge to commemorate its Anniversary. Journal of Clinical Nursing and Practice aims to disseminate knowledge and promote discussion through the publication of peer-reviewed, high quality research papers on all topics related to Chromatography. The open access journal is published by the Lexis Group comprising of Lexis Academy and Lexis Press, has come a long way in publishing sector. The 
Journal of Health and Medical Research has recently launched its volume 1 and the article entitled “Evaluation of Serum Insulin Level as a Marker of Insulin Resistance in Obese with and without Diabetes Type-2” was written by one of its editors Dutta S and Sanjay Bhatt S for its inaugural issue. The article explains about Introduction: Insulin resistance is the greatest risk factor for development of obesity and Type-2 DM. Euglycemia with increased insulin level is one of the salient features in insulin resistance. Techniques for assessment of insulin resistance by HOMA, QUICKI are very tedious, expensive and time-consuming... 
We are pleased to announce a Call for Papers for a regular Issue of Journal of Clinical Nursing and practice with focus on Clinical-Academic Workforce Capacity Development. Journal of Clinical Nursing and Practice has announced almost 50 percent discount on article processing charge to commemorate its Anniversary. On behalf of the Journal of clinical nursing and practice, as Editor-in-Chief, it is my distinct honour and privilege to inform you that, it’s been long years we have started the Journal, now we are celebrating and we are privileged to welcome Analytical Society to our journal. A clinical nurse specialist (CNS) is... 
Autoimmunity Autoimmunity is the system of immune responses of an organism against its own healthy cells and tissues. Any disease that results from such an aberrant immune response is termed an "autoimmune disease". Prominent examples include celiac disease, post-infectious IBS, diabetes mellitus type 1, Henloch Scholein Pupura (HSP) sarcoidosis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjögren's syndrome, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Graves' disease, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, Addison's disease, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis, polymyositis (PM), dermatomyositis (DM) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Autoimmune diseases are very often treated with steroids. The immune response in autoimmune disease recapitulates that of responses directed... 
Carcinogens In pathology, a carcinogen is any substance or agent that promotes cancer. Carcinogens are also often, but not necessarily, mutagens or teratogens. Carcinogens may cause cancer by altering cellular metabolism or damaging DNA directly in cells, which interferes with normal biological processes. Aflatoxin B1, which is produced by the fungus Aspergillus flavus growing on stored grains, nuts and peanut butter, is an example of a potent, naturally-occurring microbial carcinogen. Cooking protein-rich food at high temperatures, such as broiling or barbecuing meats, can lead to the formation of many potent carcinogens that are comparable to those found in... 
Journal of Health and Medical Research has published an article entitled “Chopped: The Salad Competiton Dietary Behaviors of Urban CollegeStudents” in its volume 1 Issue 3 written by Michele Montecalvo, Alexis L Holder, Rahim McNeilly, Marianne Ellis. The article explains about the measure the dietary behaviors of urban college students 18 to 25, with an evaluation of anutritional intervention “Chopped: The Salad Competition” by the American Heart Association. A convenience sample of 100 students engaged in an intervention and evaluation was used. Our sample reported 92.8% had a shift in eating habits since attending college. Notably, 80.7% reportedan interest... 
Journal of Health and Medical Research welcomes proposals for creating special issues that fall within the scope of the health sciences published by Lexis. The special issue aims at exploring new, relevant, and most compelling dimensions in the field of health and medical sciences that missed a mention in the journal on a regular basis. Proposal Preparation Special issues will be released on a monthly basis and proposals will be accepted accordingly. All proposals should include the following information: Title of the proposed special issue Purpose and current relevance List of topics to be covered List of... 
JHMR is an open access, monthly, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide research and applications related to Medical & Health Sciences. Journal of Health and Medical Research (JHMR) aims to publish original research work that contributes significantly to enhance the scientific knowledge in Medical Sciences. JHMR focus on Clinical Research, Epidemiology, Oncology, Biomedicine, Dentistry, Medical Education, Physiotherapy, Pulmonology, Nephrology, Gynaecology, Dermatology, Dermatoepidemiology, Otorhinolaryngology, Ophthalmology, Sexology, Osteology, Kinesiology, Neuroscience, Haematology, Psychology, Paediatrics, Angiology/Vascular Medicine, Critical care Medicine, Cardiology, Endocrinology, Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Hepatology, Geriatric Medicine, Bariatrics, Pharmacy and Nursing, Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Radiobiology, Pharmacology,... 
Pharmaceutical science contributed immensely in development of better medicines and has significant impact on the health care. The research and development focus in pharmaceutical science is increasing. Sharing of research outcomes as well as integrated scientific endeavors is fundamental for relatively faster development of new medicines, while avoiding redundancy. In this context, Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Development aims to broadcast scholarly research contributions pertaining to drug specificity, optimizing dosage regimen, drug delivery systems and regulation. The Journal caters to the updated information requirements of pharmacy students, health care providers as well as medical professionals. Please, follow the Instructions for... 
Pharmaceutical science contributed immensely in development of better medicines and has significant impact on the health care. The research and development focus in pharmaceutical science is increasing. Sharing of research outcomes as well as integrated scientific endeavors is fundamental for relatively faster development of new medicines, while avoiding redundancy. In this context, Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Development aims to broadcast scholarly research contributions pertaining to drug specificity, optimizing dosage regimen, drug delivery systems and regulation. The Journal caters to the updated information requirements of pharmacy students, health care providers as well as medical professionals. Please, follow the Instructions for... 
Journal of Health and Medical Research: Call for papers Journal of Health and Medical Research is a peer-reviewed, open access journal designed for the wide dissemination of research in the field of medicine to worldwide audience. Medical Research covers the basic, applied and translational research conducted so as to aid and build knowledge in the field of medicine. This journal publishes articles from all areas of medical research of international interests. With an emphasis on conceptual breakthroughs and current trends, its goal is to facilitate towards developing new medicines and improving the application of the medical procedures, thereby improving... 
European Journal of Clinical Oncology has announced almost 50 percent discount on article processing charge to commemorate its Anniversary. On behalf of the European journal of clinical oncology, as Editor-in-Chief, it is my distinct honour and privilege to inform you that, we have started the Journal, now we are celebrating the Anniversary and we are privileged to welcome Analytical Society to our journal. As Editor-In-Chief it is my great pleasure and honour to welcome you to the European journal of clinical oncology. The European journal of clinical 
Instructions for authors for submissions: Journal of HIV and AIDS Research 
Journal of Clinical Nursing and Practice has announced almost 50 percent discount on article processing charge to commemorate its Anniversary. Journal of Clinical Nursing and Practice aims to disseminate knowledge and promote discussion through the publication of peer-reviewed, high quality research papers on all topics related to Chromatography. The open access journal is published by the Lexis Group comprising of Lexis Academy and Lexis Press, has come a long way in publishing sector. The 
European Journal of Clinical Oncology has announced almost 50 percent discount on article processing charge to commemorate its Anniversary. On behalf of the European journal of clinical oncology, as Editor-in-Chief, it is my distinct honour and privilege to inform you that, we have started the Journal, now we are celebrating the Anniversary and we are privileged to welcome Analytical Society to our journal. The European journal of European Journal of Clinical Oncology aims to disseminate knowledge and promote discussion through the publication of peer-reviewed, high quality research papers on all topics related to oncology. Oncology is a branch of medicine... 
Scope of Dental Research and Practice: Open Access Journal The 
Journal of Clinical Nursing and Practice has announced almost 50 percent discount on article processing charge to commemorate its Anniversary. Journal of Clinical Nursing and Practice aims to disseminate knowledge and promote discussion through the publication of peer-reviewed, high quality research papers on all topics related to Chromatography. The open access journal is published by the Lexis Group comprising of Lexis Academy and Lexis Press, has come a long way in publishing sector. Currently, the Lexis group operates from its headquarters in Brussels, Belgium, and regional office in Hamburg, Germany. The 
European Journal of Clinical Oncology has announced almost 50 percent discount on article processing charge to commemorate its Anniversary. On behalf of the European journal of clinical oncology, as Editor-in-Chief, it is my distinct honour and privilege to inform you that, we have started the Journal, now we are celebrating the Anniversary and we are privileged to welcome Analytical Society to our journal. The European journal of European Journal of Clinical Oncology aims to disseminate knowledge and promote discussion through the publication of peer-reviewed, high quality research papers on all topics related to oncology. The Journal is successfully running which... 
Inviting you to Join as an Editorial Board for Journal of HIV and AIDS Research: Open Access Journal 
Journal of Dental Research and Practice Announces Reasonable Discounts Journal of Dental Research and Practice has announced almost 50 percent discount on article processing charge to commemorate its Anniversary. 
About Journal of HIV and AIDS Research HIV infection remains incurable even today. Until a vaccine or effective cure is found, the greatest deterrent against HIV is the knowledge generated from systematic research. Several countries lack basic data sources to help researchers, non-governmental organizations (NGO) workers and policy implementers. In this context, Journal of HIV and AIDS Research draws attention of the readers to the latest developments in HIV research focused on prevention, treatment and cure. The journal encourages research articles, reviews, editorials, short communications, case reports and clinical trials. Scope 
Immunological Response The Immune response is the body's response caused by its immune system being activated by antigens. The immune response can include immunity to pathogenic microorganisms and its products, allergies, graft rejections, as well as autoimmunity to self-antigens. The immune system protects the body from possibly harmful substances by recognizing and responding to antigens. Antigens are substances (usually proteins) on the surface of cells, viruses, fungi, or bacteria. Nonliving substances such as toxins, chemicals, drugs, and foreign particles (such as a splinter) can also be antigens. The immune system recognizes and destroys, or tries to destroy, substances that... 
Manuscript Submissions: Journal of Dental Research and Practice 
IMMUNOPATHOLOGY Immunopathology is one's immune system reaction. Symptoms of immunopathology are unique to a patient and can include: fatigue, muscle weakness, rash, headache, photosensitivity, pain anywhere, numbness, nausea, diarrhea, constipation, ringing in the ears, toothache, sinus congestion, nasal stuffiness, fever/chills, flu-like bodyache, cough, irritability, depression, sleep disturbances and “brain fog.” Immunopathology (often abbreviated to IP) is what patients experience when they fight an infection. In the context of the Marshall Protocol, immunopathology refers to an increase in one's present symptoms of inflammation, or a return of previous inflammatory symptoms. This is caused by cytokines and endotoxins being released from... 
Journal of Clinical Nursing and Practice has announced almost 50 percent discount on article processing charge to commemorate its Anniversary. Journal of Clinical Nursing and Practice aims to disseminate knowledge and promote discussion through the publication of peer-reviewed, high quality research papers on all topics related to Chromatography. The open access journal is published by the Lexis Group comprising of Lexis Academy and Lexis Press, has come a long way in publishing sector. Currently, the Lexis group operates from its headquarters in Brussels, Belgium, and regional office in Hamburg, Germany. The 
Instructions for authors for submissions: Journal of Dental Research and practice 
European Journal of Clinical Oncology has announced almost 50 percent discount on article processing charge to commemorate its Anniversary. On behalf of the European journal of clinical oncology, as Editor-in-Chief, it is my distinct honour and privilege to inform you that, we have started the Journal, now we are celebrating the 1th Anniversary and we are privileged to welcome Analytical Society to our journal. The European journal of European Journal of Clinical Oncology aims to disseminate knowledge and promote discussion through the publication of peer-reviewed, high quality research papers on all topics related to oncology. The Journal is successfully running... 
Journal of Clinical Nursing and Practice has announced almost 50 percent discount on article processing charge to commemorate its Anniversary. 
Journal of Clinical Nursing and Practice has announced almost 50 percent discount on article processing charge to commemorate its Anniversary. 
European Journal of Clinical Oncology has announced almost 50 percent discount on article processing charge to commemorate its Anniversary. On behalf of the European journal of clinical oncology, as Editor-in-Chief, it is my distinct honour and privilege to inform you that, we have started the Journal, now we are celebrating the 1th Anniversary and we are privileged to welcome Analytical Society to our journal. As Editor-In-Chief it is my great pleasure and honour to welcome you to the European journal of clinical oncology. Oncology is a branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer. A medical professional who... 
Interferons- A Defensive Body Interferon are, any of several related proteins that are produced by the body’s cells as a defensive response to viruses. They are important modulators of the immune response. Interferon was named for its ability to interfere with viral proliferation. The various forms of interferon are the body’s most rapidly produced and important defense against viruses. Interferons can also combat bacterial and parasitic infections, inhibit cell division, and promote or impede the differentiation of cells. They are produced by all vertebrate animals and possibly by some invertebrates as well. Interferons are categorized as cytokines, small proteins... 
European Journal of Clinical Oncology has announced almost 50 percent discount on article processing charge to commemorate its Anniversary. On behalf of the European journal of clinical oncology, as Editor-in-Chief, it is my distinct honour and privilege to inform you that, we have started the Journal, now we are celebrating the 1th Anniversary and we are privileged to welcome Analytical Society to our journal. As Editor-In-Chief it is my great pleasure and honour to welcome you to the European journal of clinical oncology. Oncology is a branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer. A medical professional who... 
Dental Research and Practice | Volume 1 Issue 2 The Journal of Dental Research and Practice is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that is published keeping in mind the requirements of the dental community. The journal is dedicated to keeping its readers informed of the latest ideas, developments, opinions, and key issues in dentistry, be it clinical, practical, or scientific in order to spark interest and constructive discussion among dentists of all disciplines. Manuscripts may take the form of case reports, critical reviews of the literature, brief commentaries, meeting reports, innovations in clinical practice, letters and drug clinical trial studies.... 
Significance of Immune System The immune system is a complex network of cells and proteins that defends the body against infection. The immune system keeps a record of every germ (microbe) it has ever defeated so it can recognise and destroy the microbe quickly if it enters the body again. Our immune system is essential for our survival. Without an immune system, our bodies would be open to attack from bacteria, viruses, parasites, and more. It is our immune system that keeps us healthy as we drift through a sea of pathogens. This vast network of cells and tissues... 
Let the World Know Your Explorations In Dental Research Journal of Dental Research and Practice is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal that focuses on publishing novel topics in the field of dentistry. Manuscripts may take the form of case reports, critical reviews of the literature, brief commentaries, meeting reports, innovations in clinical practice, letters and drug clinical trial studies. JDRR welcomes direct submissions from authors: Attach your word file with e-mail and send it to: 
On the occasion of Inaugural issue, Editor of Journal of Health and Medical Research has submitted an editorial. The Journal of Health and Medical Research is thanking the editor for his immersive support to the Journal. Editor Hiroshi Bando who is a Professor at Department of Medical Research, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan. Editor has congratulated the journal on its inaugural issue and explained the role of medical journals has been important in the world, and it is necessary to widely cover health and medical research fields. A variety of research for human should be multifaceted, including bio-psycho-social, economic,... 
Journal of Clinical Nursing and Practice has announced almost 50 percent discount on article processing charge to commemorate its Anniversary. On behalf of the Journal of clinical nursing and practice, as Editor-in-Chief, it is my distinct honour and privilege to inform you that, it’s been ten long years we have started the Journal, now we are celebrating and we are privileged to welcome Analytical Society to our journal. As Editor-In-Chief it is my great pleasure and honour to welcome you to the Journal of Chromatography and Separation Techniques. 
European Journal of Clinical Oncology has announced almost 50 percent discount on article processing charge to commemorate its Anniversary. On behalf of the European journal of clinical oncology, as Editor-in-Chief, it is my distinct honour and privilege to inform you that, we have started the Journal, now we are celebrating the 1th Anniversary and we are privileged to welcome Analytical Society to our journal. As Editor-In-Chief it is my great pleasure and honour to welcome you to the European journal of clinical oncology. The European journal of clinical 
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Development has announced almost 50% discount on article processing charges (APC) to commemorate its 1st Anniversary. Editor-in-Chief David Gortler is supported by an outstanding Editorial Board of international researchers. This multidisciplinary open-access journal is at the forefront of disseminating and communicating scientific knowledge and impactful discoveries to researchers, academics, clinicians and the public worldwide. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Development solicits research contributions pertaining to drug design, drug discovery, natural products, formulation, personalized medicine, testing the efficacy of drug molecule in vitro and in vivo, pharmacokinetics, pharmacogenomics, analytical sciences, nanotechnology, therapeutic aspects, quality control,... 
Journal Of Clinical Nursing And Practice Announces Reasonable Discounts Visakhapatnam, 05-12-2019 Journal of Clinical Nursing and Practice has announced almost 50 percent discount on article processing charge to commemorate its Anniversary. On behalf of the Journal of clinical nursing and practice, as Editor-in-Chief, it is my distinct honour and privilege to inform you that, it’s been ten long years we have started the Journal, now we are celebrating and we are privileged to welcome Analytical Society to our journal. As Editor-In-Chief it is my great pleasure and honour to welcome you to the Journal of Chromatography and Separation Techniques.... 
European Journal of Clinical Oncology has announced almost 50 percent discount on article processing charge to commemorate its Anniversary. On behalf of the European journal of clinical oncology, as Editor-in-Chief, it is my distinct honour and privilege to inform you that, we have started the Journal, now we are celebrating the 1th Anniversary and we are privileged to welcome Analytical Society to our journal. As Editor-In-Chief it is my great pleasure and honour to welcome you to the European journal of clinical oncology. The European journal of clinical 
Journal of Health and Medical Research has released inaugural issue for the year 2019, and has published nearly 7 quality articles in its inaugural issue. 30+ editors were added as editorial board members and took the opportunity to review the articles. The articles released in the inaugural issue includes: 
Journal of Dental Research and Practice partners with Research Institutes to improve research sharing. With the successful completion of its inaugural issue, 
With increasing life expectancy, globalization, life style changes, climate changes and changing demography, the global health care sector is facing new challenges. This is compounded by the prevalence of virulent infections and development of antibiotic resistance. In order to address these issues, health and medical research assumes central importance. In this context, Journal of Health and Medical Research provides a global platform for facilitating and promoting health and medical research communications, exchange of research concepts, sharing of recent developments, observations, expert opinions and innovative concepts as well as coordinated scientific programs. With open accessibility, the journal aims to provide inspiration... 
Annals of Microbiology & Immunology On behalf of the Journal of Microbiology and Immunology, as Editor-in-Chief, it is my distinct honour and privilege to inform you that, it’s a newly started Journal, and we are offering a hefty discount of up to 50% on processing charges to microbiological & immunological Society. As Editor-In-Chief it is my great pleasure and honour to welcome you to the Journal of Microbiology and Immunology (JMBI). The Journal of Microbiology and Immunology aims to disseminate knowledge and promote discussion through the publication of peer-reviewed, high quality research papers on all topics related to Chromatography.... 
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Development has announced almost 50% discount on article processing charge to commemorate its 1st Anniversary. The 
Advances in Microbiology & Immunology for a Better Tomorrow 
UNCOVER NOVEL FACT FINDINGS WITH JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 