Acute lymphocytic leukemia and Treatment

Journal of Health and Medical Research is a peer review open access journal in field of health and medicine. Here we discuss about acute lymphocytic leukemia and Treatment

Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is a type of cancer of the blood and bone marrow — the spongy tissue inside bones where blood cells are made.

The word "acute" in acute lymphocytic leukemia comes from the fact that the disease progresses rapidly and creates immature blood cells, rather than mature ones. The word "lymphocytic" in acute lymphocytic leukemia refers to the white blood cells called lymphocytes

Acute lymphocytic leukemia is the most common type of cancer in children, and treatments result in a good chance for a cure. Acute lymphocytic leukemia can also occur in adults, though the chance of a cure is greatly reduced.

Symptoms

Signs and symptoms of acute lymphocytic leukemia may include:

• Bleeding from the gums
• Bone pain
• Fever
• Frequent infections, Frequent or severe nosebleeds
• Lumps caused by swollen lymph nodes in and around the neck, underarm, abdomen or groin
• Pale skin, Shortness of breath, Weakness, fatigue or a general decrease in energy

Causes

Acute lymphocytic leukemia occurs when a bone marrow cell develops errors in its DNA. The errors tell the cell to continue growing and dividing, when a healthy cell would normally stop dividing and eventually die. When this happens, blood cell production becomes abnormal. The bone marrow produces immature cells that develop into leukemic white blood cells called lymphoblasts. These abnormal cells are unable to function properly, and they can build up and crowd out healthy cells.

Risk factors

Factors that may increase the risk of acute lymphocytic leukemia include:

• Previous cancer treatment. 
•  Exposure to radiation
• Genetic disorders. 
•  Having a brother or sister with ALL. 

 Treatment

In general, treatment for acute lymphocytic leukemia falls into separate phases:

• Induction therapy. 
•  Consolidation therapy. 
•  Maintenance therapy. 
•  Preventive treatment to the spinal cord. 

Treatments may include:

• Chemotherapy. 
• Targeted therapy. 
• Radiation therapy. 
• Bone marrow transplant
• Clinical trials. 

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