HIV-2 as a guide for finding a safe treatment for HIV

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There are two types of HIV viruses: HIV-1 is pandemic and violent, while HIV-2 is mainly restricted to West Africa, and less pathogenic. HIV-2 was first detected in West Africa in 1986. Concepts of effective vaccines and therapies aimed at reducing the progression of HIV disease and spreading it by sustained regulation of viral replication without lifelong treatment were proposed as more realistic options for regulation of the HIV pandemic. Many studies also suggested that if a normal course of disease occurs, only about 15–25 percent of HIV-2 infected individuals will progress to AIDS. Such findings, however, were focused on data from individuals infected with HIV-2 without details about the date of infection. The HIV-1 and HIV-2 epidemics constitute multiple different introductions of simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIV) into the human population. HIV-1 has its origin from SIV of the chimpanzee, whereas HIV-2 originated from the SIV of the sooty mangabey. HIV-2 is a virus less pathogenic than HIV-1, the development of the disease is slower and the proportion of controllers and early progressors is higher. Both cellular and humoral immune responses, particularly HIV-2-specific CD8+ T-cell responses, are likely to play a role in controlling disease progression rates in dual-infected individuals. This review tells about the future scope of the new invention towards the field of HIV /AIDS and its treatment. People who are interested can send their article towards our journal for publication through this link https://www.scholarscentral.org/submissions/hiv-aids-research.html.